The hydraulic gear pump belongs to the positive displacement pump, which uses the rotation of the rotary parts in the pump casing to cause the volume change of the working space, so as to achieve the purpose of suction and discharge of liquid. Gear pumps are widely used due to their simple and compact structure, small size, low cost, long life, and strong anti-pollution ability.

The gear pump consists of two gears, the pump body, and the front and rear covers to form two closed spaces. When the gears rotate, the volume of the space on the side of the gear disengagement increases from small to large, forming a vacuum, sucking the liquid, and the volume of the space on the meshing side of the gears. From large to small, the liquid is squeezed into the pipeline. The suction cavity and the discharge cavity are separated by the meshing line of the two gears.

The pressure at the discharge port of the gear pump depends entirely on the resistance at the pump outlet. The gear pump is a rotary pump that relies on the change and movement of the working volume formed between the pump cylinder and the meshing gear to transport liquid or pressurize it. The structure of the external meshing double gear pump. A pair of intermeshing gears and pump cylinders separate the suction and discharge chambers. When the gear rotates, the volume between the teeth where the gear teeth on the suction chamber side are disengaged from each other gradually increases, the pressure decreases, and the liquid enters between the teeth under the action of the pressure difference. With the rotation of the gear, the liquid between the teeth is brought to the discharge chamber.

At this time, the inter-tooth volume at the meshing position of the gear teeth on the discharge chamber side is gradually reduced, and the liquid is discharged. Gear pumps are suitable for conveying lubricating liquids that do not contain solid particles, are non-corrosive, and have a wide viscosity range. The flow rate of the pump can reach 300m³/hour, and the pressure can reach 3×107Pa. It is usually used as a hydraulic pump and conveys various types of oil. The gear pump is simple and compact in structure, easy to manufacture, easy to maintain, and has the self-priming ability, but the flow and pressure pulsation is large and the noise is large. The gear pump must be equipped with a safety valve to prevent damage to the pump or the prime mover due to some reasons such as blockage of the discharge pipe that causes the pump's outlet pressure to exceed the allowable value.

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